
Convallaria (Lily of the Valley)
Convallaria majalis, with its fragrant spring blooms (April – June), provides nectar for early-foraging bees, including the red mason bee (Osmia bicornis) and hairy-footed flower bee (Anthophora plumipes). Its bell-shaped flowers are particularly accessible to short-tongued pollinators, while its dense ground-cover foliage shelters woodland invertebrates like ground beetles and spiders. Planted in shady borders or under deciduous trees, this perennial thrives in humus-rich soil, complementing native plants like bluebells (Hyacinthoides non-scripta). Though toxic if ingested, its ecological value lies in supporting spring pollinators when woodland resources are still limited.