
Cyclamen
Cyclamen species, particularly C. hederifolium and C. coum, provide vital autumn-to-spring nectar and pollen for foraging bees, including the ivy bee (Colletes hederae) and early-emerging bumblebees (Bombus pratorum). Their reflexed petals protect pollen from rain, while their late-winter blooms (January – March) offer rare cold-season forage. Ants disperse their seeds via elaiosomes (fat-rich attachments), supporting soil ecosystems. Planted in dappled shade under trees, cyclamen naturalise beautifully alongside native wood anemones (Anemone nemorosa), creating year-round ground cover that shelters beetles, spiders, and other woodland invertebrates.